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8,717
result(s) for
"Zhou, Ling"
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Gravitational waves from first-order phase transitions in Majoron models of neutrino mass
A
bstract
We show how the generation of right-handed neutrino masses in Majoron models may be associated with a first-order phase transition and accompanied by the production of a stochastic background of gravitational waves (GWs). We explore different energy scales with only renormalizable operators in the effective potential. If the phase transition occurs above the electroweak scale, the signal can be tested by future interferometers. We consider two possible energy scales for phase transitions below the electroweak scale. If the phase transition occurs at a GeV, the signal can be tested at LISA and provide a complementary cosmological probe to right-handed neutrino searches at the FASER detector. If the phase transition occurs below 100 keV, we find that the peak of the GW spectrum is two or more orders of magnitude below the putative NANOGrav GW signal at low frequencies, but well within reach of the SKA and THEIA experiments. We show how searches of very low frequency GWs are motivated by solutions to the Hubble tension in which ordinary neutrinos interact with the dark sector. We also present general calculations of the phase transition temperature and Euclidean action that apply beyond Majoron models.
Journal Article
Twin modular S4 with SU(5) GUT
A
bstract
We discuss the SU(5) grand unified extension of flavour models with multiple modular symmetries. The proposed model involves two modular
S
4
groups, one acting in the charged fermion sector, associated with a modulus field value
τ
T
with residual
Z
3
T
symmetry, and one acting in the right-handed neutrino sector, associated with another modulus field value
τ
SU
with residual
Z
2
SU
symmetry. Quark and lepton mass hierarchies are naturally generated with the help of weightons, which are SM singlet fields, where their non-zero modular weights play the role of Froggatt-Nielsen charges. The model predicts TM
1
lepton mixing, and neutrinoless double beta decay at rates close to the sensitivity of current and future experiments, for both normal and inverted orderings, with suppressed corrections from charged lepton mixing due to the triangular form of its Yukawa matrix.
Journal Article
روح مطمئنة
بين الضحك، والبكاء، والبكاء الضاحك تدور حياة الإنسان، ومن هنا تبدأ سطور رواية «روح مطمئنة» تنقل لنا هذا المزج الذي يصنع التجربة والحكمة. تصور هذه الرواية مأساة أن يكون لديك قلب يحمل دفء الأسرة والعائلة، ويصاب ذلك القلب بألم الفقد الذي يجعل من التعامل معه وتخطيه أمرا حتميا لكي تستمر الحياة. الرواية للأديب الصيني : تشو دا شين، وترجمتها عن الصينية : د. شيماء كمال ود. رشا كمال.
Book
Confronting SO(10) GUTs with proton decay and gravitational waves
A
bstract
Grand Unified Theories (GUT) predict proton decay as well as the formation of cosmic strings which can generate gravitational waves. We determine which non-supersymmetric SO(10) breaking chains provide gauge unification in addition to a gravitational signal from cosmic strings. We calculate the GUT and intermediate scales for these SO(10) breaking chains by solving the renormalisation group equations at the two-loop level. This analysis predicts the GUT scale, hence the proton lifetime, in addition to the scale of cosmic string generation and thus the associated gravitational wave signal. We determine which SO(10) breaking chains survive in the event of the null results of the next generation of gravitational waves and proton decay searches and determine the correlations between proton decay and gravitational waves scales if these observables are measured.
Journal Article
Characterization of PIK3CA and PIK3R1 somatic mutations in Chinese breast cancer patients
Deregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway contributes to the development and progression of tumors. Here, we determine that somatic mutations in PIK3CA (44%), PIK3R1 (17%), AKT3 (15%), and PTEN (12%) are prevalent and diverse in Chinese breast cancer patients, with 60 novel mutations identified. A high proportion of tumors harbors multiple mutations, especially PIK3CA plus PIK3R1 mutations (9.0%). Next, we develop a recombination-based mutation barcoding (ReMB) library for impactful mutations conferring clonal advantage in proliferation and drug responses. The highest-ranking PIK3CA and PIK3R1 mutations include previously reported deleterious mutations, as well as mutations with unknown significance. These PIK3CA and PIK3R1 impactful mutations exhibit a mutually exclusive pattern, leading to oncogenesis and hyperactivity of PI3K pathway. The PIK3CA impactful mutations are tightly associated with hormone receptor positivity. Collectively, these findings advance our understanding of PI3K impactful mutations in breast cancer and have important implications for PI3K-targeted therapy in precision oncology.
Journal Article
Circ-Foxo3 is positively associated with the Foxo3 gene and leads to better prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia patients
The Foxo3 gene, belonging to the forkhead family, is one of the classes of transcription factors characterized by a forkhead DNA-binding domain, which usually considered being a cancer suppressor gene. Circ-Foxo3 is a circular structure which connects the 3'end to the 5'end. Scholars detected that circ-Foxo3 could compete with Foxo3 for binding to some miRNAs.
In this study, we will test the expression of Foxo3 and circ-Foxo3 in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients to explore the relationship between Foxo3 gene and circ-Foxo3. All the de novo AML samples and normal control samples was measured by real-time quantitative PCR. A receiver operating characteristic curve was conducted to differentiate AML patients from control people. Association of Foxo3 expression and overall survival was conducted by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.
We found that the expression of Foxo3 gene in de novo patients was significantly lower than control samples (P = 0.009). Meanwhile, circ-Foxo3 also expressed lower in de novo AML patients than in control samples (P = 0.040). In different classifications, this trend could be observed more remarkably. In non-M3 patients, the Foxo3 high patients' survival time was longer than Foxo3 low patients (P = 0.002). Besides, in non-favorable risk groups, patients with low expression of Foxo3 had longer survival time than Foxo3 high patients (P = 0.004). Furthermore, in normal Karyotypic patients, the overall survival time of patients with high-expressed Foxo3 was significantly longer than those with low expression (P = 0.034). Besides, Pearson analysis was also conducted between these two genes in AML patients. Results revealed that they were positively correlated (R = 0.63, P < 0.001).
In conclusion, we found that low expression of circ-Foxo3 and Foxo3 were frequent in AML patients, and patients with high expression of Foxo3 often had a trend of better prognosis.
Journal Article
Symmetries and stabilisers in modular invariant flavour models
A
bstract
The idea of modular invariance provides a novel explanation of flavour mixing. Within the context of finite modular symmetries Γ
N
and for a given element
γ
∈ Γ
N
, we present an algorithm for finding stabilisers (specific values for moduli fields
τ
γ
which remain unchanged under the action associated to
γ
). We then employ this algorithm to find all stabilisers for each element of finite modular groups for
N
= 2 to 5, namely, Γ
2
≃
S
3
, Γ
3
≃
A
4
, Γ
4
≃
S
4
and Γ
5
≃
A
5
. These stabilisers then leave preserved a specific cyclic subgroup of Γ
N
. This is of interest to build models of fermionic mixing where each fermionic sector preserves a separate residual symmetry.
Journal Article
CP violation in neutral lepton transition dipole moment
A
bstract
The
CP
violation in the neutrino transition electromagnetic dipole moment is discussed in the context of the Standard Model with an arbitrary number of right-handed singlet neutrinos. A full one-loop calculation of the neutrino electromagnetic form factors is performed in the Feynman gauge. A non-zero
CP
asymmetry is generated by a required threshold condition for the neutrino masses along with non-vanishing
CP
violating phases in the lepton flavour mixing matrix. We follow the paradiagm of
CP
violation in neutrino oscillations to parametrise the flavour mixing contribution into a series of Jarlskog-like parameters. This formalism is then applied to a minimal seesaw model with two heavy right-handed neutrinos denoted
N
1
and
N
2
. We observe that the
CP
asymmetries for decays into light neutrinos
N → νγ
are extremely suppressed, maximally around 10
−
17
. However the
CP
asymmetry for
N
2
→ N
1
γ
can reach of order unity. Even if the Dirac
CP
phase
δ
is the only source of
CP
violation, a large
CP
asymmetry around 10
−
5
–10
−
3
is comfortably achieved.
Journal Article